Setting Explanations:
F-Stop (Aperture):
The Aperture controls how wide the lenses (aperture blades) open up, which allows more or less light to reach the chip. The higher the number (ex: f/22), the smaller the hole, as well as less light, is allowed into the camera. On the other hand, the lower the number (ex: f/8), the more light gets let into the camera due to the bigger hole in the lens. Aperture can also affect the background, smaller number = more background blur, bigger the number = a more clear background
Shutter Speed:
The Shutter Speed controls how fast your camera captures a moment. The higher the number = the longer it takes for the camera to capture an image. For example, 2s shutter speed would take 2 full seconds to capture the moment. The longer it takes, the more light is let into the camera, which could cause the photo to seem much more bright. Likewise, the lower the number, the quicker the camera captures a shot. Less light would be let in the camera due to the fast snapshot, which will make the photo darker. Fast shutter speed is used to capture moving objects (motion) and to have a more crisp shot.
Slower shutter speed gives longer exposure time which can cause blur (blur specifically in motion).
ISO:
ISO controls the camera's sensitivity to light. The higher number the ISO, the more light and "noisy" the photo gets, the photo becomes more grainy the higher ISO you set. The lower the ISO the less sensitive the camera is to light, which can also result in a more sharp and clean image.